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Making videos instructional rather than mind numbing

January 17, 2011 in Ask the Occupational Therapist, Featured, Insider Insight by Dr. Tiffany Showalter

By: Dr. Tiffany G. Showalter, OTD, OTR/L

Have you ever noticed how many children with autism absolutely love watching videos? They can be heard reciting dialogue or even observed imitating behaviors long after the experience is over. This ability makes sense as it has been suggested that individuals with autism see things in “pictures”. I recently had a parent report that her child has motor planning issues when it comes to participation in gross and fine motor tasks, but has learned every dance that they do on Sesame Street. Wouldn’t it be a great idea if we could teach children using what they love the most?

Maybe we can! Video modeling is a teaching method used to develop and strengthen a variety of skills from communication to self-help. The targeted behaviors that the child is to learn are videotaped as a neuro-typical child performs them. Next, the child watches the video and is given the chance to memorize, imitate, and generalize those behaviors.

Some examples include computer animated learning or video instruction. I recently attended an Autism conference in my area where I participated in a session on this incredible method of instruction and was doubly excited to learn the incredible amount of research supporting it. My session described how researchers at a local state university were using IPODs to video tape and then show to children with difficulties in a variety of areas. Their success was remarkable and has inspired me to consider writing a mini grant proposal at the school where I work to try it out myself. I have also learned u-tube has a ton of videos already available for use.

I also attended a session on using video instruction to teach printing upper and lowercase letters. After watching the videos myself I have been hooked and using them since with great results for children regardless of disability.

So the next time your child demonstrates a problem with using good manners at the table, washing their hands, or tying their shoes, why not try video modeling?

Disclaimer: I hope you enjoyed reading this article. Please remember you are reading this information of your own free will and are taking the information at your own risk. The author is the legal copyright holder of this material it may not be used, reprinted, or published without my written consent. This information is for entertainment and informational purposes only and is not intended to provide or circumvent medical, legal or other professional advice.

Too Many Connections in Brain May Explain Autism Learning Disability

November 10, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

Researchers from the University of California have discovered that autistic children carrying a common autism risk gene show greater brain connections in the frontal lobe when compared with non-autistic children who do not carry the risk gene.

The study, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, also showed that this increased brain connectivity in the frontal lobe was associated with fewer connections to other parts of the brain, leading researchers to believe that this latest risk gene may be responsible for “rewiring” of the brain.

via Too Many Connections in Brain May Explain Autism Learning Disability – AOL Health.

Autism Therapy Beginning at 6 Months

November 10, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

In the three years since her son Diego was given a diagnosis of autism at age 2, Carmen Aguilar has made countless contributions to research on this perplexing disorder.

She has donated all manner of biological samples and agreed to keep journals of everything she’s eaten, inhaled or rubbed on her skin. Researchers attended the birth of her second son, Emilio, looking on as she pushed, leaving with Tupperware containers full of tissue samples, the placenta and the baby’s first stool.

Now the family is in yet another study, part of an effort by a network of scientists across North America to look for signs of autism as early as 6 months. (Now, the condition cannot be diagnosed reliably before age 2.) And here at the MIND Institute at the University of California Davis Medical Center, researchers are watching babies like Emilio in a pioneering effort to determine whether they can benefit from specific treatments.

via Autism Therapy Beginning at 6 Months – NYTimes.com.

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New explanation for huge increase in autism

November 9, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

Suddenly schools have more autistic kids. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated last year that autism increased 60 percent among boys and 48 among girls between 2002 and 2006. But a new study of Wisconsin’s schools that has national implications suggests the increase may mostly show that schools and doctors have gotten better at diagnosing the disorder.

The study, conducted by researchers from UW-Madison’s Waisman Center, also found that the number of autism cases identified in the state’s schools appears to be leveling off since the big increases of earlier years.

The CDC has calculated that 1 in 110 children now have the disorder, which is marked by difficulty communicating and socializing. The behaviors of people with autism are sometimes unusually repetitive, and their interests can be limited but very intense – leading to the term “little professor syndrome,” a nickname for Asperger’s syndrome, a form of autism.

via Milwaukee News Buzz – Milwaukee News and Reports, Local, State, Politics, Blogs, Cartoons » Blog Archive New explanation for huge increase in autism.

Fussy newborns may have more troubles later on

November 4, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

At just 1 month old, infants show signs of temperament troubles that can turn into mood and behavior problems later in life, a new study suggests.

Infants that are fussy when they’re three to four weeks old are more likely to develop childhood mental health problems including anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and behavior problems, the researchers say.

“It turns out, you can predict very well from infant fussiness to later problems,” said study researcher Beth Troutman, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Iowa.

via Fussy newborns may have more troubles later on – TODAY Health – TODAYshow.com.

Dogs for autistic children help ‘stress and behaviour’

October 27, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

Specially trained dogs may be useful in helping to calm autistic children, researchers have said, after it was found the animals lowered stress and reduced problem behaviour.

The use of specially trained dogs has become commonplace to help blind and deaf people live independently and can also help disabled people with tasks such as getting money from a cash machine and emptying a washing machine.

Now researchers are exploring how dogs may help children with autism as ancedotal evidence over a number of years has suggested they are beneficial.

Read more here: Dogs for autistic children help ‘stress and behaviour’ – Telegraph.

1 in 5 Kids With an Autistic Sibling Show Subtle Symptoms Too

October 22, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

It’s not easy being the brother or sister of an autistic child. “Typical” siblings sometimes feel embarrassed by or responsible for their autistic sib, or may feel jealous of all the attention he gets. Now researchers have found that the siblings of autistic children are affected in another way: up to 20% of these brothers and sisters may have subtler autism-related symptoms of their own. (More on Time.com: Autistic Kids: The Sibling Problem).

The new study involved nearly 3,000 children in 1,235 families with at least one autistic child. All the families had participated in a larger online registry of 35,000 autism-affected families called the Interactive Autism Network.

Of the families included in the current study, 10.9% had more than one child diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is consistent with previous research showing that siblings of autistic children are at much higher risk of having an ASD than other children — 22 times higher than children without affected siblings.

But what surprised the researchers was that an additional 20% of the siblings of autistic children showed language delays, and half of these kids had subtle speech problems that are characteristic of autism, such as reversing pronouns or using invented words.

Read more here: 1 in 5 Kids With an Autistic Sibling Show Subtle Symptoms Too – TIME Healthland.

National study shows 1 in 5 children meet criteria for a mental disorder across their lifetime

October 22, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

Mental disorders in children are often difficult to identify due to the myriad of changes that occur during the normal course of maturation. For the first time, researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health have reported on the prevalence data on a broad range of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents, which show that approximately one in five children in the U.S. meet the criteria for a mental disorder severe enough to disrupt their daily lives.

The prevalence of the mental health disorders as well as the notable link between parental mental health issues and their teen’s disorders are the subject of the article by Merikangas and colleagues in the October 2010 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP).1

In the article titled “Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in U.S. Adolescents : Results from the National Comorbidity Study–Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).,” Dr. Merikangas and colleagues examined the lifetime prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of DSM-IV mental health disorders across broad classes of disorders. The NCS-A is a nationally representative, face-to-face survey of 10,123 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in the continental United States.2 Diagnostic assessment of DSM-IV mental disorders were measured using a modified version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

The researchers found that anxiety disorders were the most common condition (31.9%),followed by behavior disorders (19.1%), mood disorders (14.3%), and substance use disorders (11.4%), with approximately 40% of participants with one class of disorder also meeting criteria for another class of lifetime disorder.

Read more here: National study shows 1 in 5 children meet criteria for a mental disorder across their lifetime.

Danish Study Suggests Jaundice-Autism Link

October 19, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

Newborn babies who have jaundice may be at higher risk of developing autism later on, new research suggests, but other experts said far more research needs to be done before a cause-and-effect relationship is proven.

Researchers in Denmark analyzed information from national registries that included all Danish children born between 1994 and 2004, nearly 734,000 children.

Babies who developed serious jaundice in the days after birth were 67 percent more likely to be diagnosed with autism later on. Babies with jaundice were also more likely to develop other types of “psychological development” delays, according to the study.

Read more here: Danish Study Suggests Jaundice-Autism Link.

ADHD: genes play a role, but how crucial are they?

October 7, 2010 in Special Needs News by Admin Dawn

Anyone whose child has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has good reason to feel exasperated. Last week a scientific squabble over what may or may not cause the behavioural problems associated with the condition spilled into the news.

ADHD is the most common behavioural problem in Britain and is estimated to affect 3%-9% of schoolchildren. This is no single, well-defined disorder, but rather a group of symptoms that include impulsivity, difficulty concentrating, restlessness and fidgeting. The impact can be serious. The child might not be able to feed him or herself, may struggle to make and keep friends, and is at risk of underachieving. Since most perfectly healthy children are prone to these kinds of behaviours, diagnosing ADHD is not straightforward.

The trouble began with a study in the Lancet medical journal by researchers at Cardiff University who found children with ADHD were more likely to have duplicate or missing chunks of DNA than other children. A press release from the Wellcome Trust, which partly funded the study, declared the work “the first direct evidence that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a genetic condition”. Professor Anita Thapar, who led the study, hoped the findings would lay to rest the myth that ADHD was down to bad parenting and poor diet.

Read more here: ADHD: genes play a role, but how crucial are they? | Society | The Observer.

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